See טרף on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "טרף • (transliteration needed)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to strike, to knock"
],
"id": "en-טרף-arc-verb--vz2nM1s",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tire, to wear out"
],
"id": "en-טרף-arc-verb-vznDIr0y",
"links": [
[
"tire",
"tire"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "טרף"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "טֶרֶף",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "téref",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "téref",
"wv": "טֶרֶף"
},
"expansion": "טֶרֶף • (téref) m",
"name": "he-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 4 39 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew terms belonging to the root ט־ר־ף",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Behold a people that riseth up as a lioness, and as a lion doth he lift himself up; he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain.",
"ref": "Tanach, [[s:he:T0423#כג_כד|23:24]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "hen 'am k-laví yaqúm v-kha-arí yotnassá lo yishkáv 'ad yokhál ṭéref v-dam ḥalalím yishte",
"text": "הֶן־עָם כְּלָבִיא יָקוּם וְכַאֲרִי יִתְנַשָּׂא לֹא יִשְׁכַּב עַד־יֹאכַל טֶרֶף וְדַם־חֲלָלִים יִשְׁתֶּה׃",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey",
"ref": "a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:",
"roman": "mi-she-rabú tsaréi 'áyin v-ṭorféi ṭéref",
"text": "מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prey"
],
"id": "en-טרף-he-noun-6yMpjf-4",
"links": [
[
"prey",
"prey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He hath given food unto them that fear Him; He will ever be mindful of His covenant.",
"ref": "Tanach, Psalms [[s:he:T26b1#קיא_ה|111:5]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "ṭéref natán li-yre-av; yizkór l-'olam brit-ó",
"text": "טֶרֶף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו יִזְכֹּר לְעוֹלָם בְּרִיתוֹ׃",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food"
],
"id": "en-טרף-he-noun-wfAmWC~m",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
]
]
}
],
"word": "טרף"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "טָרַף",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "taráf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "נִטְרַף",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "he-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְתִּי",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְנוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְתָּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְתְּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרַפְתֶּם",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרַפְתֶּן",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרְפָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרֵף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרֶפֶת",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרְפִים",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרְפוֹת",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "אטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "אֶטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "נטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "נִטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרְפִי",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרופנה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹפְנָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "יטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "יִטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "יִטְרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרופנה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹפְנָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טִרְפִי",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טִרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "טרופנה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרֹפְנָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"pass": "נִטְרַף",
"tr": "taráf",
"wv": "טָרַף"
},
"expansion": "טָרַף • (taráf) (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִטְרַף)",
"name": "he-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "טרף"
},
"name": "he-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 18 9 2 57 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 78 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 70 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 71 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 4 39 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew terms belonging to the root ט־ר־ף",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And he knew it, and said: ‘It is my son’s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces.’",
"ref": "Tanach, [[s:he:T0137#לז_לג|37:33]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "va-yakiráh va-yomér któnet bní ḥayyá ra'á akhaláthu ṭaróf ṭoráf yoséf",
"text": "וַיַּכִּירָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר כְּתֹנֶת בְּנִי חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף׃",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey",
"ref": "a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:",
"roman": "mi-she-rabú tsaréi 'áyin v-ṭorféi ṭéref",
"text": "מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to murder, devour, to tear into."
],
"id": "en-טרף-he-verb-8RkLxjS0",
"links": [
[
"murder",
"murder"
],
[
"devour",
"devour"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
]
],
"tags": [
"construction-pa'al"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 4 39 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hebrew terms belonging to the root ט־ר־ף",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to beat, scramble, or shuffle"
],
"id": "en-טרף-he-verb-PtFxrwQl",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"scramble",
"scramble"
],
[
"shuffle",
"shuffle"
]
],
"tags": [
"construction-pa'al"
]
}
],
"word": "טרף"
}
{
"categories": [
"Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
"Aramaic lemmas",
"Aramaic verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Requests for transliteration of Aramaic terms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "טרף • (transliteration needed)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to strike, to knock"
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tire, to wear out"
],
"links": [
[
"tire",
"tire"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "טרף"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hebrew entries with incorrect language header",
"Hebrew lemmas",
"Hebrew links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hebrew links with redundant wikilinks",
"Hebrew masculine nouns",
"Hebrew noun entries missing plural construct forms",
"Hebrew noun entries missing plural forms",
"Hebrew noun entries missing singular construct forms",
"Hebrew nouns",
"Hebrew pa'al verbs",
"Hebrew terms belonging to the root ט־ר־ף",
"Hebrew verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "טֶרֶף",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "téref",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "téref",
"wv": "טֶרֶף"
},
"expansion": "טֶרֶף • (téref) m",
"name": "he-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hebrew terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Behold a people that riseth up as a lioness, and as a lion doth he lift himself up; he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain.",
"ref": "Tanach, [[s:he:T0423#כג_כד|23:24]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "hen 'am k-laví yaqúm v-kha-arí yotnassá lo yishkáv 'ad yokhál ṭéref v-dam ḥalalím yishte",
"text": "הֶן־עָם כְּלָבִיא יָקוּם וְכַאֲרִי יִתְנַשָּׂא לֹא יִשְׁכַּב עַד־יֹאכַל טֶרֶף וְדַם־חֲלָלִים יִשְׁתֶּה׃",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey",
"ref": "a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:",
"roman": "mi-she-rabú tsaréi 'áyin v-ṭorféi ṭéref",
"text": "מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prey"
],
"links": [
[
"prey",
"prey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hebrew terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He hath given food unto them that fear Him; He will ever be mindful of His covenant.",
"ref": "Tanach, Psalms [[s:he:T26b1#קיא_ה|111:5]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "ṭéref natán li-yre-av; yizkór l-'olam brit-ó",
"text": "טֶרֶף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו יִזְכֹּר לְעוֹלָם בְּרִיתוֹ׃",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
]
]
}
],
"word": "טרף"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hebrew entries with incorrect language header",
"Hebrew lemmas",
"Hebrew links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hebrew links with redundant wikilinks",
"Hebrew masculine nouns",
"Hebrew noun entries missing plural construct forms",
"Hebrew noun entries missing plural forms",
"Hebrew noun entries missing singular construct forms",
"Hebrew nouns",
"Hebrew pa'al verbs",
"Hebrew terms belonging to the root ט־ר־ף",
"Hebrew verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "טָרַף",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "taráf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "נִטְרַף",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "he-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְתִּי",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְנוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְתָּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַפְתְּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרַפְתֶּם",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרַפְתֶּן",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרַף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרְפָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טָרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרֵף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרֶפֶת",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרְפִים",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "טוֹרְפוֹת",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "אטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "אֶטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "נטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "נִטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"future",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרְפִי",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרופנה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹפְנָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "יטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "יִטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "יִטְרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תטרופנה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "תִּטְרֹפְנָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "טרוף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרֹף",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טִרְפִי",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "טִרְפוּ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "טרופנה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "טְרֹפְנָה",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"pass": "נִטְרַף",
"tr": "taráf",
"wv": "טָרַף"
},
"expansion": "טָרַף • (taráf) (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִטְרַף)",
"name": "he-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "טרף"
},
"name": "he-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hebrew terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And he knew it, and said: ‘It is my son’s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces.’",
"ref": "Tanach, [[s:he:T0137#לז_לג|37:33]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:",
"roman": "va-yakiráh va-yomér któnet bní ḥayyá ra'á akhaláthu ṭaróf ṭoráf yoséf",
"text": "וַיַּכִּירָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר כְּתֹנֶת בְּנִי חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף׃",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey",
"ref": "a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:",
"roman": "mi-she-rabú tsaréi 'áyin v-ṭorféi ṭéref",
"text": "מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to murder, devour, to tear into."
],
"links": [
[
"murder",
"murder"
],
[
"devour",
"devour"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
]
],
"tags": [
"construction-pa'al"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to beat, scramble, or shuffle"
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"scramble",
"scramble"
],
[
"shuffle",
"shuffle"
]
],
"tags": [
"construction-pa'al"
]
}
],
"word": "טרף"
}
Download raw JSONL data for טרף meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.